![]() ![]() ![]() This pattern is a result of the abundance of green leaves in the terrestrial environment absorbing light for photosynthesis, with the red edge the manifestation of the long wavelength edge of chlorophyll pigment absorption. This region of rapid change in reflectance is termed the “red edge” and produces a distinct pattern in which the Earth’s albedo is brighter for wavelengths longer than the red edge than for shorter wavelengths (Arnold et al. Most of the visible light penetrating the Earth’s atmosphere is absorbed by leaves, and at wavelengths around 700 nm, just beyond the red visible bands, this pattern abruptly reverses, to reflect about half of the incoming light from 700 to 1000 nm. Leaves interact with light in ways that create a spectral footprint of the terrestrial environment of our planet. Electronic transitions and molecular vibrations.This chapter provides a review and summary of the most common interactions between leaf properties and light and the physical processes that regulate the outcomes of these interactions. However, it is often the minor differences in spectral properties throughout the wavelengths of the solar spectrum that define a species or groups of related species. Related species generally share biochemical and biophysical traits, and their optical properties are also similar, providing a mechanism for identification. Terrestrial seed plant species share similar physiological and metabolic processes for fluxes of gases (CO 2, O 2, H 2O), nutrients, and energy, while differences are primarily consequences of how these properties are distributed and their physical structures. The absorption and scattering properties of leaves together create the shape of their reflectance spectra. The optical properties of a leaf are determined by its biochemical and biophysical characteristics, including its 3-D cellular organization. Leaves absorb, scatter, and transmit sunlight at all wavelengths across the visible, near-infrared, and shortwave-infrared spectrum.
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